A denial-of-service vulnerability was identified in TP-Link Tapo C520WS v2.6 within the HTTP request path parsing logic. The implementation enforces length restrictions on the raw request path but does not account for path expansion performed during normalization. An attacker on the adjacent network may send a crafted HTTP request to cause buffer overflow and memory corruption, leading to system interruption or device reboot.
A stack-based buffer overflow vulnerability was identified in TP-Link Tapo C520WS v2.6 within a configuration handling component due to insufficient input validation. An attacker can exploit this vulnerability by supplying an excessively long value for a vulnerable configuration parameter, resulting in a stack overflow.
Successful exploitation results in Denial-of-Service (DoS) condition, leading to a service crash or device reboot, impacting availability.
An authentication bypass vulnerability within the HTTP handling of the DS configuration service in TP-Link Tapo C520WS v2.6 was identified, due to inconsistent parsing and authorization logic in JSON requests during authentication check. An unauthenticated attacker can append an authentication-exempt action to a request containing privileged DS do actions, bypassing authorization checks.
Successful exploitation allows unauthenticated execution of restricted configuration actions, which may result in unauthorized modification of device state.
A heap-based buffer overflow vulnerability was identified in TP-Link Tapo C520WS v2.6 within the asynchronous parsing of local video stream content due to
insufficient alignment and validation of buffer boundaries when processing streaming inputs.An attacker
on the same network segment could trigger heap memory corruption conditions by
sending crafted payloads that cause write operations beyond allocated buffer
boundaries. Successful exploitation
causes a Denial-of-Service (DoS) condition, causing the device’s process to
crash or become unresponsive.
A heap-based buffer overflow vulnerability was identified in TP-Link Tapo C520WS v2.6 within the HTTP parsing
loop
when appending segmented request bodies without
continuous write‑boundary verification, due to insufficient boundary validation when handling externally supplied HTTP input. An attacker
on the same network segment could trigger heap memory corruption conditions by
sending crafted payloads that cause write operations beyond allocated buffer
boundaries. Successful exploitation
causes a Denial-of-Service (DoS) condition, causing the device’s process to
crash or become unresponsive.
A heap-based buffer overflow vulnerability was identified in TP-Link Tapo C520WS v2.6 in the HTTP POST body parsing logic due to missing validation of remaining buffer capacity after dynamic allocation, due to insufficient boundary validation when handling externally supplied HTTP input. An attacker
on the same network segment could trigger heap memory corruption conditions by
sending crafted payloads that cause write operations beyond allocated buffer
boundaries. Successful exploitation
causes a Denial-of-Service (DoS) condition, causing the device’s process to
crash or become unresponsive.
Rack is a modular Ruby web server interface. From versions 3.0.0.beta1 to before 3.1.21 and 3.2.0 to before 3.2.6, Rack::Utils.forwarded_values parses the RFC 7239 Forwarded header by splitting on semicolons before handling quoted-string values. Because quoted values may legally contain semicolons, a header can be interpreted by Rack as multiple Forwarded directives rather than as a single quoted for value. In deployments where an upstream proxy, WAF, or intermediary validates or preserves quoted Forwarded values differently, this discrepancy can allow an attacker to smuggle host, proto, for, or by parameters through a single header value. This issue has been patched in versions 3.1.21 and 3.2.6.
Rack is a modular Ruby web server interface. From version 3.2.0 to before version 3.2.6, Rack::Multipart::Parser unfolds folded multipart part headers incorrectly. When a multipart header contains an obs-fold sequence, Rack preserves the embedded CRLF in parsed parameter values such as filename or name instead of removing the folded line break during unfolding. As a result, applications that later reuse those parsed values in HTTP response headers may be vulnerable to downstream header injection or response splitting. This issue has been patched in version 3.2.6.
A vulnerability has been found in Free5GC 4.2.0. The affected element is an unknown function of the component aper. Such manipulation leads to type confusion. The attack may be launched remotely. This attack is characterized by high complexity. The exploitability is described as difficult. The exploit has been disclosed to the public and may be used. The name of the patch is 26205eb01705754b7b902ad6c4b613c96c881e29. It is best practice to apply a patch to resolve this issue.
A vulnerability has been found in Trendnet TEW-657BRM 1.00.1. Affected by this issue is the function vpn_drop of the file /setup.cgi. The manipulation of the argument policy_name leads to os command injection. The attack is possible to be carried out remotely. The exploit has been disclosed to the public and may be used. The vendor confirms, that "[t]he product in question (...) has been discontinued and end of life since June 23, 2011, that is more than 14 years ago. We no longer provide support for this product, so we are not able to confirm the vulnerabilities. We will make an announcement on our website's product support page and notify customers who registered their products with us." This vulnerability only affects products that are no longer supported by the maintainer.
A flaw has been found in Trendnet TEW-657BRM 1.00.1. Affected by this vulnerability is the function vpn_connect of the file /setup.cgi. Executing a manipulation of the argument policy_name can lead to os command injection. The attack can be executed remotely. The exploit has been published and may be used. The vendor confirms, that "[t]he product in question (...) has been discontinued and end of life since June 23, 2011, that is more than 14 years ago. We no longer provide support for this product, so we are not able to confirm the vulnerabilities. We will make an announcement on our website's product support page and notify customers who registered their products with us." This vulnerability only affects products that are no longer supported by the maintainer.
A vulnerability was detected in Trendnet TEW-657BRM 1.00.1. Affected is the function ping_test of the file /setup.cgi. Performing a manipulation of the argument c4_IPAddr results in os command injection. Remote exploitation of the attack is possible. The exploit is now public and may be used. The vendor confirms, that "[t]he product in question (...) has been discontinued and end of life since June 23, 2011, that is more than 14 years ago. We no longer provide support for this product, so we are not able to confirm the vulnerabilities. We will make an announcement on our website's product support page and notify customers who registered their products with us." This vulnerability only affects products that are no longer supported by the maintainer.
A security vulnerability has been detected in Trendnet TEW-657BRM 1.00.1. This impacts the function Edit of the file /setup.cgi. Such manipulation of the argument pcdb_list leads to os command injection. The attack may be launched remotely. The exploit has been disclosed publicly and may be used. The vendor confirms, that "[t]he product in question (...) has been discontinued and end of life since June 23, 2011, that is more than 14 years ago. We no longer provide support for this product, so we are not able to confirm the vulnerabilities. We will make an announcement on our website's product support page and notify customers who registered their products with us." This vulnerability only affects products that are no longer supported by the maintainer.
OpenSSH before 10.3 can use unintended ECDSA algorithms. Listing of any ECDSA algorithm in PubkeyAcceptedAlgorithms or HostbasedAcceptedAlgorithms is misinterpreted to mean all ECDSA algorithms.
In OpenSSH before 10.3, command execution can occur via shell metacharacters in a username within a command line. This requires a scenario where the username on the command line is untrusted, and also requires a non-default configurations of % in ssh_config.
In OpenSSH before 10.3, a file downloaded by scp may be installed setuid or setgid, an outcome contrary to some users' expectations, if the download is performed as root with -O (legacy scp protocol) and without -p (preserve mode).
Signal K Server is a server application that runs on a central hub in a boat. Prior to version 2.24.0, there is an arbitrary prototype read vulnerability via `from` field bypass. This vulnerability allows a low-privileged authenticated user to bypass prototype boundary filtering to extract internal functions and properties from the global prototype object this violates data isolation and lets a user read more than they should. This issue has been patched in version 2.24.0.
An issue was discovered in Mbed TLS versions from 2.19.0 up to 3.6.5, Mbed TLS 4.0.0. Insufficient protection of serialized SSL context or session structures allows an attacker who can modify the serialized structures to induce memory corruption, leading to arbitrary code execution. This is caused by Incorrect Use of Privileged APIs.
Rack is a modular Ruby web server interface. Prior to versions 2.2.23, 3.1.21, and 3.2.6, Rack::Files#fail sets the Content-Length response header using String#size instead of String#bytesize. When the response body contains multibyte UTF-8 characters, the declared Content-Length is smaller than the number of bytes actually sent on the wire. Because Rack::Files reflects the requested path in 404 responses, an attacker can trigger this mismatch by requesting a non-existent path containing percent-encoded UTF-8 characters. This results in incorrect HTTP response framing and may cause response desynchronization in deployments that rely on the incorrect Content-Length value. This issue has been patched in versions 2.2.23, 3.1.21, and 3.2.6.
Rack is a modular Ruby web server interface. Prior to versions 2.2.23, 3.1.21, and 3.2.6, Rack::Sendfile#map_accel_path interpolates the value of the X-Accel-Mapping request header directly into a regular expression when rewriting file paths for X-Accel-Redirect. Because the header value is not escaped, an attacker who can supply X-Accel-Mapping to the backend can inject regex metacharacters and control the generated X-Accel-Redirect response header. In deployments using Rack::Sendfile with x-accel-redirect, this can allow an attacker to cause nginx to serve unintended files from configured internal locations. This issue has been patched in versions 2.2.23, 3.1.21, and 3.2.6.
Rack is a modular Ruby web server interface. Prior to versions 2.2.23, 3.1.21, and 3.2.6, Rack::Multipart::Parser only wraps the request body in a BoundedIO when CONTENT_LENGTH is present. When a multipart/form-data request is sent without a Content-Length header, such as with HTTP chunked transfer encoding, multipart parsing continues until end-of-stream with no total size limit. For file parts, the uploaded body is written directly to a temporary file on disk rather than being constrained by the buffered in-memory upload limit. An unauthenticated attacker can therefore stream an arbitrarily large multipart file upload and consume unbounded disk space. This results in a denial of service condition for Rack applications that accept multipart form data. This issue has been patched in versions 2.2.23, 3.1.21, and 3.2.6.
Rack is a modular Ruby web server interface. Prior to versions 2.2.23, 3.1.21, and 3.2.6, Rack::Utils.get_byte_ranges parses the HTTP Range header without limiting the number of individual byte ranges. Although the existing fix for CVE-2024-26141 rejects ranges whose total byte coverage exceeds the file size, it does not restrict the count of ranges. An attacker can supply many small overlapping ranges such as 0-0,0-0,0-0,... to trigger disproportionate CPU, memory, I/O, and bandwidth consumption per request. This results in a denial of service condition in Rack file-serving paths that process multipart byte range responses. This issue has been patched in versions 2.2.23, 3.1.21, and 3.2.6.
Rack is a modular Ruby web server interface. Prior to versions 2.2.23, 3.1.21, and 3.2.6, Rack::Static#applicable_rules evaluates several header_rules types against the raw URL-encoded PATH_INFO, while the underlying file-serving path is decoded before the file is served. As a result, a request for a URL-encoded variant of a static path can serve the same file without the headers that header_rules were intended to apply. In deployments that rely on Rack::Static to attach security-relevant response headers to static content, this can allow an attacker to bypass those headers by requesting an encoded form of the path. This issue has been patched in versions 2.2.23, 3.1.21, and 3.2.6.
Rack is a modular Ruby web server interface. Prior to versions 2.2.23, 3.1.21, and 3.2.6, Rack::Static determines whether a request should be served as a static file using a simple string prefix check. When configured with URL prefixes such as "/css", it matches any request path that begins with that string, including unrelated paths such as "/css-config.env" or "/css-backup.sql". As a result, files under the static root whose names merely share the configured prefix may be served unintentionally, leading to information disclosure. This issue has been patched in versions 2.2.23, 3.1.21, and 3.2.6.
Rack is a modular Ruby web server interface. Prior to versions 2.2.23, 3.1.21, and 3.2.6, Rack::Directory interpolates the configured root path directly into a regular expression when deriving the displayed directory path. If root contains regex metacharacters such as +, *, or ., the prefix stripping can fail and the generated directory listing may expose the full filesystem path in the HTML output. This issue has been patched in versions 2.2.23, 3.1.21, and 3.2.6.
Rack is a modular Ruby web server interface. Prior to versions 2.2.23, 3.1.21, and 3.2.6, Rack::Utils.select_best_encoding processes Accept-Encoding values with quadratic time complexity when the header contains many wildcard (*) entries. Because this method is used by Rack::Deflater to choose a response encoding, an unauthenticated attacker can send a single request with a crafted Accept-Encoding header and cause disproportionate CPU consumption on the compression middleware path. This results in a denial of service condition for applications using Rack::Deflater. This issue has been patched in versions 2.2.23, 3.1.21, and 3.2.6.
Signal K Server is a server application that runs on a central hub in a boat. Prior to version 2.24.0, SignalK Server contains a code-level vulnerability in its OIDC login and logout handlers where the unvalidated HTTP Host header is used to construct the OAuth2 redirect_uri. Because the redirectUri configuration is silently unset by default, an attacker can spoof the Host header to steal OAuth authorization codes and hijack user sessions in realistic deployments as The OIDC provider will then send the authorization code to whatever domain was injected. This issue has been patched in version 2.24.0.
Signal K Server is a server application that runs on a central hub in a boat. Prior to version 2.24.0-beta.1, the SignalK Server exposes an unauthenticated HTTP endpoint that allows remote attackers to modify navigation data source priorities. This endpoint, accessible via PUT /signalk/v1/api/sourcePriorities, does not enforce authentication or authorization checks and directly assigns user-controlled input to the server configuration. As a result, attackers can influence which GPS, AIS, or other sensor data sources are trusted by the system. The changes are immediately applied and persisted to disk, allowing the manipulation to survive server restarts. This issue has been patched in version 2.24.0-beta.1.
Signal K Server is a server application that runs on a central hub in a boat. Prior to version 2.24.0-beta.4, there is a privilege escalation vulnerability by Admin Role Injection via /enableSecurity. An unauthenticated attacker can gain full Administrator access to the SignalK server at any time, allowing them to modify sensitive vessel routing data, alter server configurations, and access restricted endpoints. This issue has been patched in version 2.24.0-beta.4.
An issue in the firmware update mechanism of Qianniao QN-L23PA0904 v20250721.1640 allows attackers to gain root access, install backdoors, and exfiltrate data via supplying a crafted iu.sh script contained in an SD card.
Rack is a modular Ruby web server interface. Prior to versions 2.2.23, 3.1.21, and 3.2.6, Rack::Multipart::Parser extracts the boundary parameter from multipart/form-data using a greedy regular expression. When a Content-Type header contains multiple boundary parameters, Rack selects the last one rather than the first. In deployments where an upstream proxy, WAF, or intermediary interprets the first boundary parameter, this mismatch can allow an attacker to smuggle multipart content past upstream inspection and have Rack parse a different body structure than the intermediary validated. This issue has been patched in versions 2.2.23, 3.1.21, and 3.2.6.
An issue was discovered in Percona PMM before 3.7. Because an internal database user retains specific superuser privileges, an attacker with pmm-admin rights can abuse the "Add data source" feature to break out of the database context and execute shell commands on the underlying operating system.
Apache Traffic Server allows request smuggling if chunked messages are malformed.
This issue affects Apache Traffic Server: from 9.0.0 through 9.2.12, from 10.0.0 through 10.1.1.
Users are recommended to upgrade to version 9.2.13 or 10.1.2, which fix the issue.
A bug in POST request handling causes a crash under a certain condition.
This issue affects Apache Traffic Server: from 10.0.0 through 10.1.1, from 9.0.0 through 9.2.12.
Users are recommended to upgrade to version 10.1.2 or 9.2.13, which fix the issue.
A workaround for older versions is to set proxy.config.http.request_buffer_enabled to 0 (the default value is 0).
A weakness has been identified in Trendnet TEW-657BRM 1.00.1. This affects the function add_wps_client of the file /setup.cgi. This manipulation of the argument wl_enrolee_pin causes os command injection. The attack may be initiated remotely. The exploit has been made available to the public and could be used for attacks. The vendor confirms, that "[t]he product in question (...) has been discontinued and end of life since June 23, 2011, that is more than 14 years ago. We no longer provide support for this product, so we are not able to confirm the vulnerabilities. We will make an announcement on our website's product support page and notify customers who registered their products with us." This vulnerability only affects products that are no longer supported by the maintainer.
A security flaw has been discovered in Trendnet TEW-657BRM 1.00.1. The impacted element is the function update_pcdb of the file /setup.cgi. The manipulation of the argument mac_pc_dba results in stack-based buffer overflow. The attack can be launched remotely. The exploit has been released to the public and may be used for attacks. The vendor confirms, that "[t]he product in question (...) has been discontinued and end of life since June 23, 2011, that is more than 14 years ago. We no longer provide support for this product, so we are not able to confirm the vulnerabilities. We will make an announcement on our website's product support page and notify customers who registered their products with us." This vulnerability only affects products that are no longer supported by the maintainer.
A vulnerability was identified in Trendnet TEW-657BRM 1.00.1. The affected element is the function add_apcdb of the file /setup.cgi. The manipulation of the argument mac_pc_dba leads to stack-based buffer overflow. The attack can be initiated remotely. The exploit is publicly available and might be used. The vendor confirms, that "[t]he product in question (...) has been discontinued and end of life since June 23, 2011, that is more than 14 years ago. We no longer provide support for this product, so we are not able to confirm the vulnerabilities. We will make an announcement on our website's product support page and notify customers who registered their products with us." This vulnerability only affects products that are no longer supported by the maintainer.
An issue was discovered in Mbed TLS 3.x before 3.6.6. An out-of-bounds read vulnerability in mbedtls_ccm_finish() in library/ccm.c allows attackers to obtain adjacent CCM context data via invocation of the multipart CCM API with an oversized tag_len parameter. This is caused by missing validation of the tag_len parameter against the size of the internal 16-byte authentication buffer. The issue affects the public multipart CCM API in Mbed TLS 3.x, where mbedtls_ccm_finish() can be invoked directly by applications. In Mbed TLS 4.x versions prior to the fix, the same missing validation exists in the internal implementation; however, the function is not exposed as part of the public API. Exploitation requires application-level invocation of the multipart CCM API.
Convoy is a KVM server management panel for hosting businesses. From version 3.9.0-beta to before version 4.5.1, the JWTService::decode() method did not verify the cryptographic signature of JWT tokens. While the method configured a symmetric HMAC-SHA256 signer via lcobucci/jwt, it only validated time-based claims (exp, nbf, iat) using the StrictValidAt constraint. The SignedWith constraint was not included in the validation step. This means an attacker could forge or tamper with JWT token payloads — such as modifying the user_uuid claim — and the token would be accepted as valid, as long as the time-based claims were satisfied. This directly impacts the SSO authentication flow (LoginController::authorizeToken), allowing an attacker to authenticate as any user by crafting a token with an arbitrary user_uuid. This issue has been patched in version 4.5.1.
The OWASP core rule set (CRS) is a set of generic attack detection rules for use with compatible web application firewalls. Prior to versions 3.3.9 and 4.25.0, a bypass was identified in OWASP CRS that allows uploading files with dangerous extensions (.php, .phar, .jsp, .jspx) by inserting whitespace padding in the filename (e.g. photo. php or shell.jsp ). The affected rules do not normalize whitespace before evaluating the file extension regex, so the dot-extension check fails to match. This issue has been patched in versions 3.3.9 and 4.25.0.
A Time-of-Check to Time-of-Use (TOCTOU) race condition vulnerability in Balena Etcher for Windows prior to v2.1.4 allows attackers to escalate privileges and execute arbitrary code via replacing a legitimate script with a crafted payload during the flashing process.
A vulnerability was determined in huimeicloud hm_editor up to 2.2.3. Impacted is the function client.get of the file src/mcp-server.js of the component image-to-base64 Endpoint. Executing a manipulation of the argument url can lead to server-side request forgery. It is possible to launch the attack remotely. The exploit has been publicly disclosed and may be utilized. The vendor was contacted early about this disclosure but did not respond in any way.
A security vulnerability has been detected in Textpattern up to 4.9.1. Affected by this vulnerability is the function mt_uploadImage of the file rpc/TXP_RPCServer.php of the component XML-RPC Handler. The manipulation of the argument file.name leads to path traversal. Remote exploitation of the attack is possible. The exploit has been disclosed publicly and may be used. The vendor confirmed the issue and will provide a fix in the upcoming release.
A flaw has been found in LibRaw up to 0.22.0. This affects the function LibRaw::nikon_load_padded_packed_raw of the file src/decoders/decoders_libraw.cpp of the component TIFF/NEF. Executing a manipulation of the argument load_flags/raw_width can lead to out-of-bounds read. It is possible to launch the attack remotely. The exploit has been published and may be used. Upgrading to version 0.22.1 mitigates this issue. This patch is called b8397cd45657b84e88bd1202528d1764265f185c. It is advisable to upgrade the affected component.
A vulnerability was detected in Tenda G103 1.0.0.5. The impacted element is the function action_set_net_settings of the file gpon.lua of the component Setting Handler. Performing a manipulation of the argument authLoid/authLoidPassword/authPassword/authSerialNo/authType/oltType/usVlanId/usVlanPriority results in command injection. It is possible to initiate the attack remotely. The exploit is now public and may be used.